Computer Network Assignment Test Questions doc

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Dynamic IP vs Static IP

  Static IP addressing is for one customer on one IP address and Dynamic IP addressing assigns a different IP address each time the ISP customer logs on to their computer, but this is dependent upon the Internet Service Provider (ISP) because some ISP's only change the IP address as they deem it necessary.
If you have Dynamic IP Addressing through your Website Host it means that you are sharing an IP Address with several other customers.
If you are a beginner on the internet, an avid internet user, are entertaining the thought of starting your own website business, are a gamer, use VOIP or VPN there are several things you should know about IP Addressing.
Static IP Addressing

If you feel the need to always know what your IP address is then you need a Static IP address, because it is constant. Static IP addresses are more reliable for Voice over Internet Protocol (VOIP), more reliable to host a gaming website or to play X-Box, Play Station, use Virtual Private Network for secure access to files from your company network computer, etc. Static IP addresses are also great if you use your computer as a server, as it should give your file server faster file uploads and downloads. Another plus with Static IP's, when hosting a website you are not sharing your IP with another company who sends out a lot of E-mail SPAM and not only has their website been shut down but in turn gets your IP address blacklisted.
In contrast a static IP address can become a security risk, because the address is always the same. Static IP's are easier to track for data mining companies. Static IP addressing is less cost effective than Dynamic IP Addressing.
Dynamic IP Addressing

The biggest advantages of Dynamic IP Addressing are less security risk as the computer is assigned a new IP address each time the customer logs on, they are cost effective and there is automatic network configuration (the less human intervention with network configuration the better). Dynamic addressing is usually used by ISP's so that one IP address can be assigned to several users, however some ISP's use Sticky Dynamic IP Addressing and do not change the IP address very often. Dynamic IP Addressing can be used by families with several computers or by a small business owner who has a home office. The software that comes with a router allows for Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) setup and assigns each computer attached to the router an IP address automatically.
In contrast, Dynamic IP addressing should not be used for VOIP, VPN, playing online games or game hosting because Dynamic IP addressing is less reliable then Static IP addressing and could cause the service to disconnect while you are on a VOIP, VPN or gaming.

A Brief Introduction to Web 3.0

Web 3.0If you ask some, they’ll tell you Web 2.0 as we know it is probably on its way out the door. For many, Web 2.0 is characterized mainly by the ability of users to share information quickly with others, which has been developed into the phenomenon that we call social media. From Twitter to Facebook to YouTube and to all sorts of other kinds of communities, Web 2.0 is all about sharing and seeing. Now if you recall or were around during what is now known as Web 1.0, information was put up on a website and that was it–the best way of sharing it was privately through e-mails and such. There was little to no communication and if you wanted information, you had to go to the source for it. Can you imagine such a harsh internet? Now with Web 2.0 on it’s way out, the obvious question is, what in the world is Web 3.0 going to be?

What is Web 3.0?

If you’re anything like me, it’s hard to imagine how the internet is going to top sites like Twitter and Facebook. But it’s bound to happen and when you research  Web 3.0, you find out it is going to be synonymous with the user’s interaction with the web. In Web 2.0 we focused on the users’ interaction with others, now we are going to focus more on the users themselves, which is always a plus. But how is this going to happen?

Web 3.0 is being referred to by experts as the semantic web; semantic meaning data driven. The data will come from the user and the web will essentially adjust to meet the needs of the user. For example, if you do a lot of searching for ‘design blogs’, you’ll receive more advertisements related to design. Also, when you search for other things, for example, ‘computers’, the web will keep in mind that you often search for design and may pull up search queries that combine ‘design’ and ‘computers’.

Benefits of Web 3.0?

A huge benefit of Web 3.0 is the move towards being able to access data from anywhere. This is mainly being driven by the heavy usage of smart phones and cloud applications. The idea here is to make sure that the user can access as much data as possible from anywhere, not  just their home. Technology is trying to expand this idea in ways that allow TV’s to pick up on user data, and allowing smart phones to access data on your computer. For designers like myself who typically forget their jump drives, this is an amazing and useful advancement!

Web 3.0′s Effect on Design

So now that you have an idea of what Web 3.0 is and what it’s going to be, we have to ask the most important question for us: what does that mean for design? Web 2.0 design was based around drawing attention and persuading your audience, because after all, web 2.0 made a huge deal about being able to purchase things online. Web 2.0 wanted to generate excitement and get people to make a purchase and understand what they were doing. You want to make a purchase? Sure, then click this button. You want to join the mailing list? Great, then there’s no question about clicking this button. That is the basis of Web 2.0 design.

Other elements were added to make things more fun and give a bit of style. The usage of linear gradients in web 2.0 is almost necessary. Whatever color combination you desire, linear gradients are typically present from your background to your buttons. Other trends surfaced like various badges, rounded corners and a necessary usage of icons. But again the question remains, what can we expect for web 3.0?

Web 2.0 Design vs. Web 3.0 Design

In web 2.0 we had to create design that was great for the web. I think in web 3.0, we will firstly have to create design that is going to be good not just for the web and the web browser, but for all sorts of media. With the growth in the usage of smart phones and tablets, people want more usage out of their items and to be able to access more things as best as possible. Design will have to be able to translate in great quality across all sorts of technologies. Now while you can create two different websites (one for the web and one for mobile devices), designers and developers will have to kill two birds with one stone, by creating one website that will look good in both environments.

Also for Web 3.0, designers will continue to focus on making things simpler. The truth is, the designer has the absolute power to persuade viewers on where to look first and second and so forth and so on. By doing this the designer creates a hierarchy of importance, that should not be muddled by useless design. Designers will continue to design so that content remains king by putting much focus on it and taking focus off non-content things such as logos and navigation bars.

Web 3.0 Design Trends?

Using these types of techniques plays into the increasing popularity of the minimalist design technique, where the focus is not necessarily making something as simple as possible, but making it as simplistic as possible. Creating a site with non-flashy web elements makes the user HAVE to focus on the content of the site. Of course designers desire to design and will ‘fancify’ some things, but in Web 3.0, that isn’t the main focus. The focus is to draw the viewers’ eye to the content or other important information on the page.

Many of the design trends used in Web 2.0 will only change by way of design, but not really the usage. The change in Web 2.0 to Web 3.0 is about how the internet is used, not really how it’s seen (with the exception of mobile devices and such). I believe designs will continue to get more and more minimalistic while maintaining a certain sense of beauty, but of course we will continue to use buttons and rounded corners and gradients. The design of Web 3.0 will be based on the way designers decide to design it and what becomes popular.

More on Web 3.0

Perhaps you desire to do your own research on the budding Web 3.0. Well we have provided some slide shows and videos that will get you started on the right path. Web 3.0 isn’t here just yet, but when it does come, you should know what’s coming at you!

The Evolution of Web 3.0

Why Web 3.0?

Web 3.0 – Wikipedia

The Future Internet: Service Web 3.0

Intro to the Semantic Web

Evolution Web 1.0, Web 2.0 and Web 3.0

For Further Reading:

How SOPA/PIPA Can Affect You

7 Ways to Boost Your Page Load Time Using CSS and JavaScript

HTML and Semantics – Conjoined twins of the Future Web !

Tumblr: An Introduction Guide For Microblogging – Part 1

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Article was created by Kendra Gaines

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 36 Brilliant Comments - Join Discussion Now!

• 

  Computer repair mississauga

  Posted 197 days ago
  36
  I wonder what Web 4.0 will be like and what new technologies will appear! Amazing!!
• 

  Web Design Bournemouth

  Posted 213 days ago
  35
  I *think* I saw a Ted Talks relating to this – it wasn’t billed as ‘Web 3.0′, but it was discussing how data will be available in multiple formats, to multiple devices, providing a much more seamless experience for the user on the web.

  Simplicity is key for users – and the richness of Web 3.0 should enable them to interact with more information, more easily. If it works.

  Let’s not forget the design challenges still face in the web design community just dealing with old crap like IE6. Not to mention all the other combinations of browser and their inherent non-cross-compatibility ;-)

  Many Thanks,
  Darren.
• 

  Web design service

  Posted 254 days ago
  34
  web 3!!! i m not good enough for web 2!! but hope someday i will be great!
• 

  lalit

  Posted 256 days ago
  33
  explain it perfectly
  thanks for sharing
• 

  prupa

  Posted 260 days ago
  32
  Very good explaination. Thanks for sharing :)

  
  

Web 3.0 Technologies

Web 3.0

If you are excited about the Web 2.0 revolution in the past decade, I think you will be impressed by the next generation of Web applications.  Web 3.0 is already here and more Web 3.0 applications will emerge soon.  So, what is Web 3.0?  Web 3.0 is the next step in the evolution of the Internet and Web applications.  Here are several videos that you can learn about the concept of Web 3.0 and Web 3.0 development.  Hope you enjoy these videos and find them helpful to you.

Evolution Web 1.0, Web 2.0 to Web 3.0

The Future Internet: Service Web 3.0

               Web 3.0 : Semantic Web

Web 3.0 and its role in Education

This post is in response to Timbuckteeth's (Steve Wheeler's) post on Web 3.0 and e-learning 3.0:



As far as I have experienced it, Web 2.0 is Read/Write/Collaborate (varying shades of it).



From 'create a site', to 'collaborate using a site' to 'search/mash-up the data from n sources to get the best the web has to offer on what you want' is more like what Web 3.0 will have to offer.


Web 3.0 may or may not have more mobile technologies. Mobile technologies do not change the nature of activity that web is used for only it access. So mobile or static access will happen for Web 3.0 - I am not so sure at this stage. I do not care either.


From an institutional prospective: The educational use of Web 3.0 will enable read/write/collaborate and re-present the information to learners in a more meaningful way than what current technologies allow - Filtering/searching/mash up etc will play a big role in all this.


From a learner's point of view: Web 3.0 will further what web 2.0 allowed (i.e. read/write/collaborate) and help learners 'personalise' the information that is created via interactions in Web 2.0 to best suit their own needs.


So far, mainly constructivist principles have found resonance with what e-learning (Web 2.0) has to offer. Web 1.0 was more suitable for Behaviourist principles(online material/ quizzes/feedback etc). Web 3.0 will make the content King, again. Thereby making the cognitive approach to teaching and learning more prominent alongside behaviourists and constructivist approaches.

Learners will use the web to suit their style of learning using their PLE. Institutions will benefit from being able to blend different pedagogies using the web as they need to cater for many different types of learners. Some academics will make use of this more than other giving way to Personal Teaching Environments (PTEs) that make use of the web in this way.

Next big thing will be the content created collaboratively via the web primed for the best use of its users (more personalised). Somewhere the PTE will meet the PLE and Web 3.0 need to make the meeting of these two as smooth as possible.

I’ve listened to a few talks by Bruce Sterling concerning “the internet of things” and other Web 3.0 technologies. His idea of spimes (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spime) is very interesting.

Web 3.0

Web 3.0 is a term, which definition is not confirmed or defined so far as several experts have given several meaning, which do not match to each other, but sometimes it is referred to as a Semantic Web. In the context of Semantic Web, Web 3.0 is an evolving extension of the World Wide Web in which web content can be expressed not only in natural language, bu t also in a form that can be understood, interpreted and used by software agents, thus permitting them to find, share and integrate information more easily. Tim Berners-Lee, the inventor of first World Wide Web has coined the term Semantic Web. But the concept of Web 3.0, first entered among the public in 2001, when a story appeared in scientific article written by American Coauthored Berners-Lee that described this term as a place where machines can read Web pages as much as humans read them e.g. web connected bathroom mirrors, which can read the news coming through on the web. Definitions and Roadmap There are several definitions of the web, but usually Web 3.0 is defined as a term, which has beencoined with different meanings to describe the evolution of web usage and interaction among the several separate paths. These include transforming the Web into a database, a move towards making csontent accessible by multiple non-browser applications, the leveraging of artificial intelligence technologies, the Semantic web, or the Geospatial Web. According to Wikipedia, an online encyclopedia, “Web 3.0 is a third generation of Internet based Web services, which emphasize m a c h i n e - f a c i l i t a t e d understanding of information in order to provide a more productive and intuitive user experience.”. The third generation of Internet services is collectively consists of semantic web, microformats, natural language search, data-mining, machine learning, recommendation agents that is known as Artificial Intelligence technologies or Intelligent Web. According to some experts, “Web 3.0 is characterized and fueled by the successful arriage of artificial intelligence and the web”. While some experts have summarized the efinition defining as “Web 3.0 is the next step in the progression of the tubes that are the Internets”. According to Nova Spivack, the CEO of Radar Networks, one of the leading voices of this newage Internet, “Web 3.0 is a set of standards that turns the Web into one big database.” Steve, a famous Blog author has defined the term Web 3.0 as, “ Web 3.0 is highly specialized information structures, moderated by a group of personality, validated by the community, and put into context with the inclusion of meta-data through widgets”. While Leiki, the Finland based pioneer company of Semantic Web describes: “Web 3.0 makes the discovery of content streams effortless. It introduces automatic discovery of likeminded users and automatic tagging.” History The term ‘Web 3.0’ was first coined by John Markoff of the New York Times in 2006, while it first appeared prominently in early 2006 in a Blog article written by Jeffrey Zeldman in the “Critical of Web 2.0 and associated technologies such as Ajax”. The debate originates in summit named Technet Summit in November 2006, in which various software tycoons expressed their views. e.g. Jerry Yang, founder and Chief of Yahoo, stated: “Web 2.0 is well documented and talked about. The power of the Net reached a critical mass, with capabilities that can be done on a network

Web 3.0

level. We are also seeing richer devices over last four years and richer ways of interacting with the network, not only in hardware like game consoles and mobile devices, but also in the software layer. You don’t have to be a computer scientist to create a program. We are seeing that manifest in Web 2.0 and 3.0 will be a great extension of that, a true communal medium…the distinction between professional, semiprofessional and consumers will get blurred, creating a network effect of usiness and applications. “ -- Jerry Yang While Reed Hastings, the founder and CEO of Netflix, stated a simpler formula for defining the phases of the Web in the same Technet Summit: “ Web 1.0 was dial-up, 50K average bandwidth, Web 2.0 is an average 1 megabit of bandwidth and Web 3.0 will be 10 megabits of bandwidth all the time, which will be the full video Web, and that will feel like Web 3.0.” --Reed Hastings Before this people were very curious about ‘Web 3.0’ as they asked to Tim Berener about the full-fledged information of Web 3.0 as Tim Berners-Lee stated in May 2006: “People keep asking what Web 3.0 is. I think maybe when you’ve got an overlay of scalable vector graphics - everything rippling and folding and looking misty - on Web 2.0 and access to a semantic Web integrated across a huge space of data, you’ll have access to an unbelievable data resource.” --Tim Berners-Lee, A ‘more revolutionary’ Web The term Web 3.0 has became a subject of interest and debate since late 2006 to till date. But no exact definition has been created that everyone accepts it. Web 3.0 Debates over Definition Since the origins of the concept of Web 3.0, the debate continues goes on about exactly what the term Web 3.0 means, and what a suitable definition might be. As emerging the new technology, a new definition emerged: Transforming the Web into a database Transforming the Web into database is the beginning step towards transforming definition of Web 3.0 when the technology of ‘Data Web’ emerged as structured data records that can be published to the Web in reusable and remotely queryable formats, such as XML, RDF and microformats. The Data Web is the initial step in the way of full Semantic web that enables a new level of data integration and application interoperability, which makes the data openly accessible and linkable as Web pages. To make available structured data using RDF is primarily focused in Data Web phase. The full Semantic Web stage will so expand the scope that both structured and semistructured or unstructured content will be widely available in RDF and OWL semantic formats. An evolutionary path to artificial intelligence Web 3.0 has also been used to describe the rend of artificial intelligence, which is being popular in the web like a quasi-human fashion. Some cynic believes that it is an unobtainable vision. However, this is being used new technologies on mass level that yields amazing information like making predictions of hit songs from mining information on college music Web sites. There is also debate on the driving force behind Web 3.0. Will it be the intelligent systems, or whether intelligence will emerge in a more organic fashion and how people interact with it? The realization of the Semantic Web and Service Oriented Architecture Another debate originates over the artificial intelligence direction in which Web 3.0 can be extent to Semantic web concept. Academic

Web 3.0

research is going on to develop such reasoning software that must be based on description logic and intelligent agents. These sorts of applications can perform logical reasoning operations through using sets of rules expressing logical relationships between concepts and data on the Web. But some critics are disagree on the viewpoint, which describes that Semantic Web would be the core of the 3rd generation of the Internet and suggests a formula to summarize Web 3.0. Web 3.0 has also been associated to a possible hub of SOA (Service Oriented Architecture) and Semantic web. Evolution towards 3D The evolution of 3D technology is also being connected to Web 3.0 as Web 3.0 may be used on massive scale due to its characteristics. In this process Web 3.0 would transform into a series of 3D spaces, taking the concept realized by Second Life expansion. This could open up new ways to connect and collaborate using 3D shared spaces. Proposed Expanded Definitions of Web 3.0 Nova Spivack has roposed the expanded definition of Web 3.0 that indulge in itself the collection of various foremost harmonizing technology developments that are growing to a new level of maturity simultaneously includes: • Ubiquitous Connectivity, broadband adoption, mobile Internet access and mobile devices • Network computing,s o f t w a r e -a s - a - s e r v i c e business models, Web services interoperability, istributed computing, grid omputing and cloud computing • Open technologies,Open APIs and protocols, open data formats, open-source software platforms and open data (e.g. Creative Commons, Open Data License) • Open identity, OpenID, open reputation, roaming portable identity and personal data • The intelligent web, Semantic web technologies such as RDF, OWL, SWRL, SPARQL, Semantic application platforms, and statementbased datastores • Distributed databases, the “World Wide Database” (enabled by Semantic Web technologies) • Intelligent applications, natural language processing, machine learning, machine reasoning, and autonomous agents Web 3.0 as Different Formats of Web The Semantic Web The term ‘Semantic Web’ refers to “Defined” Web that is an alliance of World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) and others to provide a standard for defining data structures on the Web. Semantic Web refers to the use of XMLtagged data that matches the Resource Description Framework (RDF). Sometimes it is refers to“Web 3.0,” that is a debatable topic, but in the form of Web 3.0, the main goal of the Semantic Web becomes to identify exact required data that matches the keywords. e.g. if we search Web 3.0 in Google / yahoo / msn or any advance search engines using specific key words, there are millions of web pages appears on the window in which only very few have some information and all other pages are worthless. Web 3.0 in terms of Semantic Web is the third generation of World Wide Web in which machines an read sites similar to uman being and also follows our instructions. For example if you order to check your schedule against the schedules of all the dentists and doctors within a 10-mile radius if follows tour order and provide the appropriate information.

Web 3.0

The 3D Web 3-D refers to the three dimensional design that represents the virtual looks of any object from three different sides simultaneously. A user can view the true picture of any building, any location or any object and walk through the location without leaving the computer desk on his/her system. Though these are the virtual pictures but seem to be real. These technologies are extensively being used in a wide range of services like computer games, Virtual Reality (VR) models and Multimedia solutions. Now, 3-D technology has come on the Internet and has become a new trend of Web. Now user can go house hunting across town or take a tour of the world or can walk through a Second Life– style virtual world, surfing for data and interacting with others in 3D. The 3d web is being used massively in online computer games, virtual world tour, Geospatial engineering, online high tech research, online software development, online shopping, online telecommunication and social networking sites. Google Earth, Wiki Earth, MySpace, You Tube are the biggest examples of 3D web users. The Media-Centric Web The terms Media-Centric Web refers to the web where users can find true similar graphics and sound on the other media, not just the keywords. e.g. if users searches any favorite movie/ graphics/ music in the search engines, can find the exact desired thing on the other media. The Pervasive Web The pervasive web refers the uses of web in the wide range of area in which the web has now been reached not only in computers and cell phones but also in clothing, appliances, and automobiles and much more, e.g. web based bedroom windows that checks weather and self open or close it according to climate. Web 3.0 in terms of pervasive web refers to those websites, which are going to be transformed into web services and will depict and expand their information to the world. Overview As the times goes and he technology enriches, the experts feels to develop some thing better that can be more fruitful, advance, user friendly and intelligent. Thus originates the concept of web 3.0 and now it is taking a handsome shape. We 3.0 has some more features including the feature of Web 2.0. Web 3.0 sites will only allow collaboration of content generated from an approved pseudo-random sequence of characters. Web 3.0 would have three main objectives: 1- Seeking Information 2- Seeking Validation 3- Seeking entertainment Seeking Information Searching information would be more compact in Web 3.0. Till now, theweb uses keywords in order to comprehensive data into usable chunks. Search engines index the Internet in proper order and present it to the end user in order of relevance. The users select the information that is nearer to their requirement. Sometimes this becomes a very hectic process. But Web 2.0 goes one step ahead and brought us a change in the basic way of searching. It applies the tags in the searching data e.g. if anyone wants to look for car. He/she types the word in the specified space of the search engine. The search engine displays many webs, but if the user type BMW cars, it displays all the relevant site onlk\y related to BMW cars. So BMW works as a tag. Web 3.0 will be more advance in searching the information for example of Cars, Web 3.0 uses the further research beyond the engines, it also uses the

subsearch engines that would provide more compact information and user can find the nearest desired data. It would go to all major categories like pictures, videos, blog posts, news articles, commerce etc. Each of these would happed because of RSS feed so that user can get alerts when something new would added to his/her search profile. Seeking Validation If the user wants to go the news not the information, it will work in a different way. It would provide the exact data what user wants. It would also search the available people on the net. The user have to type the words what he/she wants to access, Web 3.0 would provide the relevant information in order of its proximity, algorithms, tagging, and validation through user voting. Seeking Entertainment Entertainment, the most popular trend of Web 2.0 would be more advance in Web 3.0 as it would be based around the sect of the personality. People Search will replace the social networks that are most popular fashion in this generation of web. For searching about any person, just type the name and all the information related to regarding person would bedisplayed with some attached tags. If would display the total wiki profile, in which all the data would be specified whether the user would have created it or anyone else. All the related deeds would also show in the profile.Then People would be more universal rather than now. The looks and shape of the blogging would be also changed; the current weblogs would be converted in to Microblogging. People will be able to blog from anywhere, without having to spend hours writing a properly formatted post. Web 3.0 will see a more complete integration between devices like cell phones and the World Wide Web. Posting pictures, videos and text from anywhere, anytime would be more tussles free. Commerce Here the terms of commerce means the criteria of earning that will be more advance, but the whole criteria would not primarily change. The product will carry on to sell online. Conversational advertising” and dvertainment will take the place of stock ads and promotions. Sect of personality and their sponsorships will also be more specific as the advertisement companies will be narrower because of categorizing of the people. The entire dvertising landscape will change; the ultra specialized subengines will search the tightly focused target audience to selling the product. Contextual advertisement will take second seat to product placements on sites, search results and subengines. Web 3.0 Design REST, AJAX, Silverlight, Widget Enabled,Taggable, Searchable everything… RSS. A Web 3.0 Driver In the coming ten years RSS and its related technologies will become the single most important Internet technology because of its specific quality to development of the new web as it’s really very simple. Any person who has a little bit knowledge of coding can generate an extensible, standards based database of information that can be transferred to almost any other modern web site. If Web 3.0 is the Semantic Web, where machine read content like human beings then RSS will be its eyes. RSS technology is still in vast uses especially in the online news portals. The entire business models have already being created around aggregating metadata. IGoogle, MyIndiaTims and Netvibes allow the users to create their own personal homepage, drawing much of its content from RSS feeds that users select. The trend of RSS tool will be increased in the future in which user can include a  host of data-points. Each blog post, the future microblogging feed can be personalize according to users’ desire as every picture, every video clip, every music will be searchable, taggable and XML based collaborate. The biggest example of it’s already exists in a web portal named MyIndiaTims.com’. The real power of Web 3.0 will be in the used in creating data and transferring it effectively. Candidate Web 3.0 technologies Web 3.0 would be used in various technologies of computer and Internet. Here is the list of web 3.0 users: • Artificial intelligence • Automated reasoning • Cognitive architecture • Composite applications • Distributed computing • Knowledge representation • Ontology (computer science) • Recombinant text • Scalable vector graphics • Semantic Web • Semantic Wiki Software agents Web 3.0 technologies...

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Decision Server Events as the hub of business event processing

The role of Decision Server Events in your enterprise is simple but powerful. It provides a simple way to orchestrate and manage business events, and real-time integration between disparate business systems, as well as business processes monitoring in real time.

Decision Server Events communicates significant events in one business system to other systems that require the information to respond to the critical event. It uses the considerable investment in systems development that has already taken place in your enterprise by making the business knowledge developed for one system immediately available to other systems that require that knowledge.

Decision Server Events is an event-driven application. When a critical business event occurs in one system, information about the event is passed in real time to the business orchestration server of the system (the event runtime). By using predefined logic that describes how business systems are to interact, the event runtime can notify those systems in real time to take the appropriate action.

The following diagram shows the role that it can play in a business system integration.

Data is gathered from multiple sources, such as a data mart (a repository of data gathered from operational data and other sources), SFA (Sales Force Automation system), or ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning system).

Additionally, it correlates different events to enable evaluation based on a pattern of events: this feature is called complex event processing. Pattern correlation can be done based on events occurring in a specified sequence or in a specified timeframe. Non-occurrence can also be evaluated (that is, something that was supposed to happen, but that did not happen).

It provides real-time business system integration without requiring redesign of existing business systems, by providing the following features:

• An environment to define a common data model (metadata) that supports the definition of business events.
• An environment to define conditional logic that determines how information flows between systems.
• XML message formats for message-based communication between systems by using Java Message Service (JMS).
• Technology connectors that provide codeless message retrieval and transmission by using standard protocols such as HTTP, SMTP, and FTP, as well as relational database access and web service calls.
• An SQL-based component (Dynamic Data Retrieval) that retrieves data (through JDBC connectors) required for event rule evaluation when that data is not provided in an event.
• A built-in Java engine to support data transformations.

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